Friends and Enemies in Organizations by Rachel L. Morrison & Sarah L. Wright

Author:Rachel L. Morrison & Sarah L. Wright
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan
Published: 2008-12-31T16:00:00+00:00

Friendship as a multi-dimensional construct

Friends have long been recognized as important sources of affection, pleasure, companionship and support. Aristotle described a multidimensional conceptualization of friendship, outlining three functions, or characteristics, of friendship; the qualities of goodness, enjoyableness and utility. Aristotle believed that perfect friendships would be characterized more by goodness (or beneficence), than by either utility or enjoyableness (Bukowski, Nappi & Hoza, 1987). There has been empirical research in social psychology that examines the validity of the multi-dimensional model first proposed by Aristotle. Murstein and Spitz (1974) conducted research with college women, testing Aristotle’s theory. The authors found that the three friendship factors they identified, related closely to the three components of friendship proposed by Aristotle, thereby supporting his model. Bukowski et al. (1987) also assessed the validity of Aristotle’s model, addressing some of the limitations of Murstein and Spitz’s study by researching both men and women. Bukowski et al. also found support for Aristotle’s conceptualization of friendship, establishing that the three components could be measured reliably, and also supporting the validity of the model as a means of understanding friendships.

The idea that all friendships are not alike (i.e., that different friendships will be characterized by various degrees of goodness, enjoyableness and/or utility) is an important one. It highlights the importance of defining and characterizing relationships under study; considering the context, antecedents, functions and consequences of the relationship for individuals. It also highlights the notion that different friendships at work (or in any other context) will not necessarily serve similar functions or have similar outcomes.

Jason’s relationship with Olivia is characterized primarily by utility. He relies on her for favours and expects her to offer tangible help and support in the workplace. His behaviour demonstrates a lack of respect for her as an individual. In addition, the relationship lacks reciprocity. He does not offer very much in return for the assistance that Olivia provides. Goodness and enjoyableness are lacking in this relationship.

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